Geophysical surveys measure natural physical properties of the Earth to create detailed underground maps. This noninvasive process allows geologists and engineers to "see" underground without digging.

Ground equipment sends controlled, low-frequency acoustic waves into the ground. These waves travel through the subsurface and reflect off different rock layers. Sensitive recording equipment placed on the surface captures the returning signals, which are then analyzed by geophysicists to develop a detailed understanding of the underlying geology. 

These techniques are widely used in both rural and urban environments and plays a vital role in identifying areas with potential for natural resources—such as clean, naturally occurring hydrogen—while minimizing environmental disturbance.